USPTO Patents Application 10771094

(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)

(19) World Intellectual Property Organization
International Bureau

(43) International Publication Date
28 March 2002 (28.03.2002)

(10) International Publication Number

PCT WO 02/25937 A2

(51) International Patent Classification 7 : H04N 5/445

(21) International Application Number: PCT/EP01/10335

(22) International Filing Date:

6 September 2001 (06.09.2001)

(25) Filing Language:

(26) Publication Language:

English
English

(30) Priority Data:

09/666,399 20 September 2000 (20.09.2000) US

(71) Applicant: KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRON-
ICS N.V. [NL/NL]; Groenewoudseweg 1, NL-5621 BA
Eindhoven (NL).

(74) Agents: SCHMITZ, Herman, J., R. et ah; Intemationaal
Octrooibureau B.V., Prof Holstlaan 6, NL-5656 AA Eind-
hoven (NL).

(81) Designated States (national): JP, KR.

(84) Designated States (regional): European patent (AT, BE,
CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FT, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC,
NL, PT, SE, TR).

Published:

— without international search report and to be republished
upon receipt of that report

For two-letter codes and other abbreviations, refer to the "Guid-
ance Notes on Codes and Abbreviations" appearing at the begin-
ning of each regular issue of the PCT Gazette.

(72) Inventors: GUTTA, Srinivas; Prof. Holsdaan 6,
NL-5656 AA Eindhoven (NL). LEE, Kwok, P.; Prof.
Holstlaan 6, NL-5656 AA Eindhoven (NL).

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(54) Title: PRESENTING A VISUAL DISTRIBUTION OF TELEVISION PROGRAM RECOMMONENDATION SCORES

(57) Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for displaying the visual distribution of recommendation scores assigned to
each television program by a television programming recommender. The visual distribution of recommendation scores can be pre-
sented to the user using a number of illustrative display formats. The invention defines a number of score ranges and indicates the
number of television programs in each score range for a given time interval. Thus, the available programs are clustered based on
their program recommendation scores. In addition, the visual presentation of the recommendation score distribution can be further
improved by assigning a color to each score range. Thus, for a given time interval, the intensity (or saturation) of the color asso-
ciated with a score range can be varied to indicate the corresponding number of programs having a recommendation score in the
corresponding score range.

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Presenting a visual distribution of television program recommendation scores

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to.television program recommenders, and more
particularly, to a method and apparatus for presenting a visual distribution of television
program recommendation scores.

5

Background of the Invention

As the number of channels available to television viewers has increased, along
with the diversity of the programming content available on such channels, it has become
increasingly challenging for television viewers to identify television programs of interest.

1 0 Historically, television viewers identified television programs of interest by analyzing printed
television program guides. Typically, such printed television program guides contained grids
listing the available television programs by time and date, channel and title. As the number
of television programs has increased, it has become increasingly difficult to effectively
identify desirable television programs using such printed guides.

1 5 More recently, television program guides have become available in an

electronic format, often referred to as electronic program guides (EPGs). Like printed
television program guides, EPGs contain grids listing the available television programs by
time and date, channel and title. Some EPGs, however, allow television viewers to sort or
search the available television programs in accordance with personalized preferences. In

20 addition, EPGs allow for on-screen presentation of the available television programs.

While EPGs allow viewers to identify desirable programs more efficiently
than conventional printed guides, they suffer from a number of limitations, which if
overcome, could further enhance the ability of viewers to identify desirable programs. For
example, many viewers have a particular preference towards, or bias against, certain

25 categories of programming, such as action-based programs or sports programming. Thus, the
viewer preferences can be applied to the EPG to obtain a set of recommended programs that
may be of interest to a particular viewer.

Thus, a number of tools have been proposed or suggested for recommending
television programming. The Tivo™ system, for example, commercially available from Tivo,

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Inc., of Sunnyvale, California, allows viewers to rate shows using a "Thumbs Up and
Thumbs Down" feature and thereby indicate programs that the viewer likes and dislikes,
respectively. Thereafter, the TiVo receiver matches the recorded viewer preferences with
received program data, such as an EPG, to make recommendations tailored to each viewer.
5 Thus, such tools for recommending television programming provide selections of programs
that a viewer might like. Generally, conventional television program recommenders present
ranked programs in a grid format.

Even with the aid of such program recommenders, however, it is still difficult
for a viewer to identify programs of interest from among all the options. The non-
10 prepublished United States Patent Application Serial No. 09/519,550, filed March 6, 2000,
entitled'"Method and Apparatus for Displaying Television Program Recommendations,"
(Attorney's Docket No. PHUS000030), assigned to the assignee of the present invention and
incorporated by reference herein, discloses a television programming recommender that
displays available television programs with an indication of the recommendation score
1 5 assigned to each program by a television programming recommender. The numerical

recommendation scores associated with each program can be displayed with each program
directly or can be mapped onto a color spectrum or another visual cue, such as a variable
size-of-text or rate of blinking, that permits the user to quickly locate programs of interest.

Nonetheless, it remains difficult for the viewer to get a concise picture of the
20 recommended programs. A need therefore exists for a method and apparatus for displaying
television program recommendations in a summary manner indicating the visual distribution
of program recommendation scores. A further need exists for a method and apparatus for
displaying television program recommendations in a manner that clusters programs based on
their program recommendation scores.

25

Summary of the Invention

The invention is defined by the independent claims. The dependent claims
define advantageous embodiments.

Generally, a method and apparatus are disclosed for displaying available
30 television programs using an indication of the visual distribution of recommendation scores
assigned to each program by a television programming recommender. The visual distribution
of recommendation scores can be presented to the user using a number of illustrative display
formats.

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Generally, the invention provides an indication of the number of television
programs in each score range for a given time interval. Thus, the available programs are
clustered based on their program recommendation scores. Among other benefits, the
invention allows a user to quickly identify time periods when there are a higher number of
5 programs within a given program recommendation score range. In one illustrative

implementation, the present invention defines four distinct score ranges (90-100, 80-90, 70-
80 and 60-70) and indicates the number of programs in a given time interval having a
recommendation score in each score range.

In addition, the visual presentation of the recommendation score distribution
10 can be further improved by assigning a color to each score range. Thus, for a given time
interval, the intensity (or saturation) of the color associated with a score range can be varied
to indicate the corresponding number of programs having a recommendation score in the
corresponding score range.

A more complete understanding of the present invention, as well as further
15 features and advantages of the present invention, will be obtained by reference to the
following detailed description and drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

FIG. 1 illustrates a television programming recommender in accordance with
20 the present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates a sample table from the program database of FIG. 1; and
FIGS. 3A through 3B provide a number of illustrative presentation formats for

presenting the recommendation score distributions in a convenient manner in accordance

with the present invention.

25

Detailed Description

FIG. 1 illustrates a television programming recommender 100 in accordance
with the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the television programming recommender
100 evaluates each of the programs in an electronic programming guide (EPG) 1 10 to
30 identify programs of interest to a particular user. The set of recommended programs can be
presented to the user using a set-top terminal/television 150, for example, using well known
on-screen presentation techniques.

According to one feature of the present invention, the available programs are
clustered based on their program recommendation scores. The present invention displays

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television program recommendations in a summary manner indicating the visual distribution
of program recommendation scores. Thus, the present invention allows a user to quickly
identify time periods when there are a higher number of programs within a given program
recommendation score range. In one application, the present invention allows a user to

5 determine, for example, when it is most worthwhile to watch television, as opposed to doing
other potential activities.

Generally, the present invention provides an indication of the number of
television programs in each score range for a given time interval. For example, in one
illustrative implementation discussed herein, the present invention defines four distinct score

10 ranges, namely, a first score range associated with the most highly recommended programs
having recommendation scores between 90 and 100, a second score range for programs
having scores between 80 and 90; a third score range for programs having scores between 70
and 80, and a fourth score range for programs having scores between 60 and 70. In addition,
to further improve the visual presentation of the recommendation score distribution, each

1 5 score range can be assigned a corresponding color as follows:

Score

Range

Color

90-100

Red

80-90

Yellow

70-80

Green

60-70

Blue

Thus, a given color corresponds to a given score range. In addition, for a
given time interval, the intensity (or saturation) of the color associated with a score range can

20 be varied in a linear manner to indicate the corresponding number of programs having a
recommendation score in the corresponding score range. As discussed further below in
conjunction with FIGS. 4A through 4C, a number of illustrative presentation formats are
disclosed for presenting the recommendation score distributions in a convenient manner.

As shown in FIG. 1, the television programming recommender 100 contains a

25 program database 200, discussed further below in conjunction with FIG. 2, and a display

recommendation process 300, discussed further below in conjunction with FIG. 3. Generally,
the program database 200 records information for each program that is available in a given
time interval. The display recommendation process 300 evaluates the program

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recommendation scores for a set of programs and provides an indication of the number of
television programs in each score range for a given time interval.

The television program recommender 100 may be embodied as any computing
device, such as a personal computer or workstation, that contains a processor, such as a
5 central processing unit (CPU), and memory, such as RAM and ROM. In addition, the
television programming recommender 100 may be embodied as any available television
program recommender, such as the Tivo™ system, commercially available from Tivo, Inc.,
of Sunnyvale, California, or the television program recommenders described in the non-
prepublished United States Patent Application Serial No. 09/466,406, filed December 17,

10 1999, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Recommending Television Programming Using
Decision Trees," (Attorney's Docket No. PHA 23.902) and the non-prepublished United
States Patent Application Serial No. 09/498,271, filed Feb. 4, 2000, entitled "Bayesian TV
Show Recommender," (Attorney Docket No. PHUS000018), or any combination thereof, as
modified herein to carry out the features and functions of the present invention.

1 5 FIG. 2 is a sample table from the program database 200 of FIG. 1 that records

information for each program that is available in a given time interval. As shown in FIG. 2,
the program database 200 contains a plurality of records, such as records 205 through 220,
each associated with a given program. For each program, the program database 200 indicates
the date/time and channel associated with the program in fields 240 and 245, respectively.

20 In addition, the title and genre for each program are identified in fields 250 and 255.

Additional well-known attributes (not shown), such as actors, duration, and description of the
program, can also be included in the program database 200.

In accordance with one feature of the present invention, the program database
200 also records an indication of the recommendation score assigned to each program by the

25 television programming recommender 100 in field 270. In this manner, the numerical scores
can be displayed to the user in a summary manner, with an indication of the number of
television programs in each score range for a given time interval.

An exemplary display recommendation process 300 embodying principles of
the present invention can be described as follows. The display recommendation process 300

30 initially obtains the electronic program guide (EPG) 1 10 for the time period of interest.

Thereafter, the display recommendation process obtains the recommendation score from the
recommender 100 for each available program in the time period of interest. The display
recommendation process 300 then optionally maps the recommendation score to a desired
visual cue, such as color or size-of-text. Next, programs having a recommendation score in

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each score range are identified. Finally, the display recommendation process 300 increases
the intensity (or saturation) of the corresponding color or gray-scale for each score range
based upon the number of programs having a recommendation score within the score range.
As previously indicated, the present invention provides a number of
5 illustrative presentation formats for presenting the recommendation score distributions in a
convenient manner.' For example, each score range can be mapped to a given color and the
intensity (or saturation) of the color can be varied in accordance with the number of programs
in a given time interval having a recommendation score in that range.

FIG. 3 A shows a variable gray-scale presentation of recommendation score

10 summaries for a 12-hour period covering noon to midnight. The display 400 is similar to an
analog clock face. The face 410 is divided into four rings 41 1-414. The outermost ring 41 1 is
associated with a first score range for the most highly recommended programs having
recommendation scores between 90 and 100. The second ring 412 is associated with a
second score range for programs having scores between 80 and 90. The third ring 41 3 is

1 5 associated with a third score range for programs having scores between 70 and 80. Finally,
the fourth ring 414 is associated with a fourth score range for programs having scores
between 60 and 70.

In the variable gray-scale embodiment shown in FIG. 3 A, a variable gray-scale
intensity is used to indicate the number of programs falling within the corresponding score

20 range. For example, maximum intensity can indicate ten or more programs falling with a
given score range. In addition, the intensity can be reduced in a linear manner to indicate
fewer than 10 programs in a given score range, down to a minimum value of zero intensity.
For example, the time period 1 1 p.m. to midnight has a maximum intensity indicating that
there are at least 10 highly recommended shows. On the other hand, the color white

25 (minimum intensity) in the period noon to 1 p.m. indicates that there are no highly

recommended programs in that time period. For the time period 10 p.m. to 1 1 p.m., the high
(but not maximum) intensity indicates a significant number of highly recommended
programs, as well as a large number of programs with scores in the range 80-90.

FIG. 3B illustrates an alternate variable gray-scale presentation of

30 recommendation score summaries for a 12-hour period covering noon to midnight, in
rectangular boxes. For each one-hour time period, the recommendation summary 420
includes four boxes 421-424. The top-most box 421 is associated with a first score range for
the most highly recommended programs having recommendation scores between 90 and 100.
The second box 422 is associated with a second score range for programs having scores

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between 80 and 90. The third box 423 is associated with a third score range for programs
having scores between 70 and 80. Finally, the fourth box 424 is associated with a fourth
score range for programs having scores between 60 and 70. Again, a variable gray-scale
intensity can be used in each box to indicate the number of programs falling within the
5 corresponding score range.

A color implementation of the rectangular presentation shown in FIG. 3B,
with a different color assigned to each score range, can be implemented as follows:

Score

Range

Color

90-100

Red

80-90

Yellow

70-80

Green

60-70

Blue

Within each box, intensity (or saturation) is used to indicate the number of

10 programs falling within the range. For example, maximum intensity (or saturation) can
indicate ten or more programs falling with a given score range. In addition, the intensity (or
saturation) can be reduced in a linear manner to indicate fewer than 10 programs in a given
score range, down to a minimum value of zero intensity (white).

For example, the time period 1 1 p.m. to midnight is a bright red (full

15 saturation), indicating that there are at least 10 highly recommended programs. The color
white (zero saturation) in the top-box for the period noon to 1 p.m. indicates that there are no
highly recommended programs in that period. For the time period 10 p.m. to 1 1 p.m., the
high (but not maximum) red color saturation indicates a significant number of highly
recommended programs, the bright yellow indicates a large number of programs with scores

20 in the range 80-90.

The actual intensity or saturation values are computed using well-known
algorithms in computer graphics. Although RGB (red, green, blue) values are required for
the display hardware, it is generally easier to determine values according to the HS V (hue,
saturation, value) model and then convert the result to a RGB representation. First, a hue

25 value is selected corresponding to the color chosen for a given range of recommendation
scores:

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PCT7EP01/10335

Hue

Score

Value

Color

Range

0

Red

90-100

0.160

Yellow

80-90

0.333

Green

70-80

0.6

Blue

60-70

Saturation is computed from n, the number of programs in the range. If n has
a value greater than 10, n is replaced by 10. Then, the saturation value is the fraction w/10.
Finally, the value is fixed at 1 .0. This triple (hue, saturation, value) is then converted to (red,
5 green, blue) according to a well-known algorithm. See, for example, "Fundamentals of
Interactive Computer Graphics," by J.D. Foley and A. Van Dam, Addison- Wesley Publishing
Company, ISBN 0-201-14468-9 (1982).

In a further variation, the user can optionally "click" on any score range for
any time interval, to obtaiif a listing of each of the corresponding programs having a

10 recommendation score in the given score range for the indicated time interval.

It is to be understood that the embodiments and variations shown and
described herein are merely illustrative of the principles of this invention and that various
modifications may be implemented by those skilled in the art without departing from the
scope and spirit of the invention. In the claims, any reference signs placed between

1 5 parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not
exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those listed in a claim. The word "a" or
"an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The
invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements,
and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the device claim enumerating several

20 means, several of these means can be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The
mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not
indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

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CLAIMS:

1 . A method for displaying available television programs, comprising the steps
of:

obtaining a list of available programs (1 1 0);

obtaining a recommendation score for each of said available programs (1 10);
5 determining a number of programs within each of a plurality of

recommendation score ranges; and

indicating a number of programs in each of said recommendation score ranges.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of said recommendation score ranges is
1 0 assigned a corresponding color.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said number of programs in each of said
recommendation score ranges is indicated using a variable gray-scale.

1 5 4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said number of programs in each of said

recommendation score ranges is indicated using a variable bar size.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said number of programs in each of said
recommendation score ranges is indicated using a variable size of text.

20

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of said recommendation score ranges is
assigned a corresponding color and wherein said number of programs in each of said
recommendation score ranges is indicated using a varying saturation of said corresponding
color.

25

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said number of programs in each of said
recommendation score ranges is indicated using a circular format divided into a plurality of
rings, wherein each of said rings corresponds to a different one of said recommendation score
ranges, and wherein each pie segment corresponds to a different time interval.

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8. The method of claim 1, wherein said number of programs in each of said
recommendation score ranges is indicated using a grid format having a plurality of rows and
columns, and wherein each row in said grid corresponds to a different one of said
recommendation score ranges, and each column in said grid corresponds to a different time

5 interval.

9. A method for displaying available television programs, comprising the steps
of:

obtaining a list of available programs (1 10);
1 0 obtaining a recommendation score for each of said available programs (110);

determining a number of programs within each of a plurality of
recommendation score ranges;

allocating a portion of a display to each of said plurality of recommendation
score ranges for each of a plurality of time intervals; and
1 5 indicating a number of programs in each of said recommendation score ranges

for each of said time intervals in said corresponding display portion.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein said allocating step utilizes a circular format
divided into a plurality of rings, wherein each of said rings corresponds to a different one of

20 said recommendation score ranges, and wherein each pie segment corresponds to a different
time interval.

1 1 . The method of claim 9, wherein said allocating step utilizes a grid format
having a plurality of rows and columns, and wherein each row in said grid corresponds to a

25 different one of said recommendation score ranges, and each column in said grid corresponds
to a different time interval.

12. A system (100) for displaying available television programs, comprising:
a memory for storing computer readable code; and

30 a processor operatively coupled to said memory, said processor configured to:

obtain a list of available programs (1 10);

obtain a recommendation score for each of said available programs (110);

determine a number of programs within each of a plurality of recommendation
score ranges; and

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indicate a number of programs in each of said recommendation score ranges.

13. An article of manufacture for displaying available television programs,

comprising:

a computer readable medium having computer readable program code means
embodied thereon, said computer readable program code means enabling a programmable
device to carry out the method of claim 1 .

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